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1.
Braz. j. infect. dis ; 25(1): 101041, jan., 2021. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1249290

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Objectives: Candida spp. has been reported as one of the common agents of nosocomial bloodstream infections and is associated with a high mortality. Therefore, this study evaluated the clinical findings, local epidemiology, and microbiological aspects of candidemia in eight tertiary medical centers in the state of Parana, South of Brazil. Methods: In this study, we reported 100 episodes of candidemia in patients admitted to eight different hospitals in five cities of the state of Parana, Brazil, using data collected locally (2016 and 2017) and tabulated online. Results: The incidence was found to be 2.7 / 1000 patients / day and 1.2 / 1000 admissions. C. albicans was responsible for 49% of all candidemia episodes. Cancer and surgery were the two most common underlying conditions associated with candidemia. The mortality rate within 30 days was 48%, and removal of the central venous catheter (p = 0.029) as well as empirical or prophylactic exposure to antifungals were both related to improved survival (p = 0.033). Conclusions: This study highlights the high burden and mortality rates of candidemia in hospitals from Parana as well as the need to enhance antifungal stewardship program in the enrolled medical centers.


Subject(s)
Humans , Cross Infection/drug therapy , Cross Infection/epidemiology , Incidence , Candidemia/drug therapy , Candidemia/epidemiology , Brazil/epidemiology , Candida , Antifungal Agents/therapeutic use
2.
Braz. j. pharm. sci ; 49(1): 49-56, Jan.-Mar. 2013. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-671400

ABSTRACT

In Brazil and other regions of the world, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter spp. have emerged as important agents of nosocomial infection and are commonly involved in outbreaks. The main objective of the present study was to evaluate the genetic relationship among P. aeruginosa and Acinetobacter spp. isolated from patients in a public university hospital in northwestern Paraná, Brazil, and report their antimicrobial resistance profile. A total of 75 P. aeruginosa and 94 Acinetobacter spp. isolates were phenotypically identified and tested for antibiotic susceptibility using automated methodology. Polymyxin B was tested by disk diffusion for P. aeruginosa. Metallo-β-lactamase (MBL) was detected using a disk approximation test. Genotyping was performed using enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus polymerase chain reaction (ERIC-PCR). Approximately 55% of the P. aeruginosa isolates and 92% of the Acinetobacter spp. isolates were multiresistant, but none were MBL-producers. ERIC-PCR revealed the presence of small clusters of carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter spp., most likely OXA-type carbapenemase producers. Furthermore, high genetic diversity in P. aeruginosa and Acinetobacter spp. clinical isolates was observed, suggesting that cross-transmission is not very frequent in the studied hospital.


No Brasil, bem como em outras regiões do mundo, Pseudomonas aeruginosa e Acinetobacter spp. surgiram como importantes agentes de infecção nosocomial e são comumente envolvidos em surtos. O objetivo principal deste estudo foi descrever a relação genética de P. aeruginosa e Acinetobacter spp. isoladas de pacientes internados em hospital universitário público do noroeste do Paraná - Brasil e reportar o perfil de resistência dessas bactérias. Um total de 75 P. aeruginosa e 94 Acinetobacter spp. isolados foi fenotipicamente identificado e testado para a suscetibilidade aos antibióticos por metodologia automatizada. A polimixina B foi testada por difusão em disco para P. aeruginosa. Metalo-β-lactamase (MBL) foi detectada por disco-aproximação. Análise genotípica foi realizada por enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus polymerase chain reaction (ERIC-PCR). Aproximadamente 55% dos isolados de P. aeruginosa e 92% de Acinetobacter spp. isolados foram multirresistentes, mas nenhum foi produtor de MBL. Os resultados de ERIC-PCR revelaram pequenos grupamentos de Acinetobacter spp. resistentes aos carbapenêmicos, provavelmente pela produção de carbapenemases do tipo OXA. Além disso, alta diversidade genética entre os isolados de P. aeruginosa e Acinetobacter spp. foi observada, sugerindo que a transmissão cruzada destas espécies bacterianas não é muito frequente em nosso hospital.


Subject(s)
Humans , Pseudomonas aeruginosa/classification , Genetic Variation , Acinetobacter/classification , Hospitals, Public/classification , Pseudomonas aeruginosa/chemistry , Acinetobacter Infections/complications , Anti-Infective Agents/analysis
3.
Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz ; 96(2): 277-80, Feb. 2001. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-281580

ABSTRACT

We used a slide culture technique to detect tubercle bacilli surviving in sputum smears (n=46) after conventional heat fixation and Ziehl-Neelsen staining. In all heat-fixed sputum smears, tubercle bacilli survived after time 0 (n=22), 24 h (n=7), 48 h (n=7), 72 h (n=4), and seven days (n=6). None of the stained sputum smears showed growth on slide cultures. Viable tubercle bacilli remaining in heat-fixed sputum smears for at least seven days may present an infection risk to laboratory staff. Thus, sputum smears should be stained immediately by the Ziehl-Neelsen method or stored in a safe container to avoid transmission of tuberculosis


Subject(s)
Humans , Coloring Agents , Hot Temperature , Nontuberculous Mycobacteria/growth & development , Sputum/microbiology , Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous/diagnosis , Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous/transmission , Time Factors , Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/diagnosis , Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/transmission
4.
Rev. bras. anal. clin ; 32(4): 253-4, 2000. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-296339

ABSTRACT

Com objetivo de utilizar uma técnica de cultura em lâmina em futuros experimentos em nosso laboratório, comparamos neste estudo o crescimento em corda do bacilo da tuberculose em caldo sangue lisado seletivo (SLS) e no meio de Middlebrook (7H9), empregando como inóculo esfregaços de escarro obtidos de 12 pacientes com tuberculose pulmonar. Cada esfregaço foi confeccionado, em duplicata, em uma área de 10x25 mm de uma lâmina 13x76 mm, utilizando-se alça bacteriológica descartável de 10µL. Uma série de esfregaços (n=48) foi fixada pelo calor, outra série (n=48) foi fixada e corada pela técnica de Ziehl-Neelsen e uma terceira série (n=48) näo fixada pelo calor, foi usada como controle positivo. As lâminas foram cultivadas a 37 graus celsius nos caldos SLS 7H9 durante 7 dias. Todos os esfregaços controle apresentaram crescimento em corda. Entretanto, nos esfregaços fixados pelo calor a positividade no caldo SLS foi de 12/12 (100 porcento) contra 10/12 (83 porcento) no meio 7H9. Nenhum dos esfregaços fixados e corados (Zehl-Neelsen) mostrou crescimento nas culturas em lâminas. Os resultados sugerem que o caldo seletivo sangue lisado é levemente superior ao meio de Middlebrook para o cultivo em lâmina de esfregaços do bacilo da tuberculose fixados pelo calor


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/growth & development , Culture Media/analysis , Sputum/microbiology , Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/diagnosis
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